WEST-E Social Studies Practice Test

The correct answer describes a government structure where the roles of head of state and head of government are not distinct, which is characteristic of a parliamentary system. In many parliamentary systems, the prime minister serves as both head of government and is often also the head of state in a symbolic manner, particularly in constitutional monarchies. Even in republics, the prime minister fulfills both roles when there is no clear separation. In contrast, a presidential system usually features a clear distinction between the head of state (often the president) and the head of government, where these roles function independently. Authoritarian governments may have political parties and a legislature, but the power is centralized in a single leader or party, often lacking true representation. Monarchies can vary widely; some have parliamentary systems while others maintain absolute control without a legislature that represents political parties effectively. Understanding these definitions clarifies why a parliamentary system is the most accurate description of a government that integrates these features without separating the roles into distinct entities.