WEST-E Social Studies Practice Test

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What major topic did Thomas Hobbes focus on in terms of societal functionality?

The necessity of absolute freedom
The need for government to prevent chaos
The role of religion in governance
The importance of individual rights

The correct answer is: The need for government to prevent chaos

Thomas Hobbes is best known for his significant contributions to political philosophy, particularly through his work "Leviathan," where he emphasizes the necessity of a strong, centralized authority to maintain order and prevent chaos in society. Hobbes theorized that in a state of nature, individuals act out of self-interest, leading to a condition he famously described as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." This bleak view of human nature underlined his argument that a powerful government—or "sovereign"—is essential to impose rules and maintain peace. Hobbes believed that without such a government, societal structures would collapse, resulting in a "war of all against all." Therefore, the primary focus of his political theory was the justification for an absolute authority that could ensure stability and protect individuals from the inherent chaos of unfettered freedom. This perspective continues to influence modern discussions about governance and the role of authority in society.