WEST-E Social Studies Practice Test

What most likely explains the existence of iron smelting sites in both east and west Africa from 500 BCE?

1. The independent development of technology

2. Use of local resources

3. Extensive networks of trading routes

4. Colonization by foreign powers

The correct answer is: Extensive networks of trading routes

The presence of iron smelting sites in both East and West Africa around 500 BCE is most accurately attributed to the extensive networks of trading routes. During this time, trade was a significant factor in the dissemination of technology and knowledge. These networks facilitated not only the exchange of goods but also ideas and techniques, including those related to metallurgy. As groups across the continent engaged in trade, they shared information about iron smelting practices. This interconnectedness allowed for the diffusion of technological advancements, leading to similar smelting practices emerging independently in different regions. While local resources played a role in the establishment of these sites, the overarching influence of trade routes was crucial in enabling the transfer of knowledge that likely resulted in similar sites appearing in diverse locations across the continent. In contrast, the independent development of technology might suggest that the regions developed their methods in isolation, which does not account for the timing and similarities observed in iron smelting practices across such distances. Similarly, colonization by foreign powers does not apply to this historical context, as extensive trade networks predate major colonial ventures in Africa. Thus, the extensive networks of trading routes are the most compelling explanation for the widespread presence of iron smelting sites during this era.