WEST-E Social Studies Practice Test

Which characteristic would a historian most likely associate with a liberal political theorist from the 18th century?

1. Opposition to change in social structures

2. Support for government regulation of trade

3. Promotion of absolute monarchy

4. Advocacy for widespread land ownership

The correct answer is: Support for government regulation of trade

A historian would likely associate the characteristic of supporting government regulation of trade with a liberal political theorist from the 18th century because this period was marked by the rise of liberalism, which emphasized individual rights, economic freedom, and the need for a governmental role in certain areas of the economy to ensure fairness and prevent monopolies. Liberal theorists recognized that while free markets are essential for economic progress, some level of regulation could be necessary to protect underrepresented groups and promote equality of opportunity within the marketplace. This view aligns with the broader liberal ideology that evolved to address the challenges of emerging capitalist economies, where unregulated trade could lead to exploitation and inequality. Figures like Adam Smith, often regarded as a father of modern economics, also hinted at the necessity of some governmental presence in trade and markets to facilitate balance and support the welfare of the public. Such an understanding provides context for why supporting government regulation would be seen as a characteristic of liberal thought during this transformative era.